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Pandurang Shastri Athavale
Pandurang Shastri Athavale (19 October 1920 – 25 October 2003), also known as ''Dadaji'', which literally translates as "elder brother" in Marathi, was an Indian philosopher, spiritual leader, social activist〔(Tributes paid to founder of Swadhyaya movement ) ''Times of India'', 12 Nov 2003.〕 and Hinduism reformist, who founded the Swadhyaya Parivar (Swadhyaya Family) in 1954.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Life In Legacy - Week of 11/1/2003 )〕 Swadhyaya is a self-study process based on the Bhagavad Gita which has spread across nearly 100,000 villages in India,〔(Spiritualist from India is honored with religion's Templeton Prize ) ''The Seattle Times'', 5 March 1997.〕〔''Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice'', by Robin Rinehart. Published by ABC-CLIO, 2004. ISBN 1-57607-905-8. ''Page 375''〕 with over 5 million adherents.〔(Year in Review – 2003 – Passages ) ''The Seattle Times'', 29 December 2003.〕 He was also noted for his discourses on the Bhagavad Gita, the Vedas and the Upanishads.
==Early life==
Pandurang Vaijnath Athavale was born on 19 October 1920 in the village of Roha in Maharashra (konkan) India. He was one of five children born to the Sanskrit teacher Vaijanath Athavale and his wife Parvati Athavale.〔
When Athavale was twelve years old, his grandfather set up an independent course of study for the young boy. Thus, Athavale was taught in a system very similar to that of the Tapovan system of ancient India. In 1942, he started to give discourses at the ''Srimad Bhagavad Gita Pathshala'', a center set up by his father in 1926.〔
Athavale read diligently in the Royal Asiatic Library for a period of 14 years; at a young age, he was well-known to have read every piece of non-fiction literature (ranging from Marx's philosophy to Whitehead's writings to ancient Indian philosophy). In 1954, he attended the Second World Philosophers' Conference, held in Japan. There, Athavale presented the concepts of Vedic ideals and the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita. Many participants were impressed by his ideas but wanted evidence of such ideals being put into practice in India. Nobel Prize–winning physicist Dr. Arthur Holly Compton was particularly enchanted with Athavale's ideas and offered him a lucrative opportunity in the United States, where he could spread his ideas. Athavale politely declined,〔(Biography ) ''Ramon Magsaysay Award'' website.〕 saying that he had much to accomplish in his native India, where he planned to demonstrate to the world a model community peacefully practicing and spreading Vedic thoughts and the message of the Bhagavad Gita.
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